To express permission it is possible to use can, may (more formal) or be allowed to. In the negative these express lack of permission, or prohibition.
You can order another drink but you can't have any more hamburgers.
We aren't allowed to wear trainers to school.
May is not possible in the past. Could and be allowed to are possible for general permission.
In my last job we had flexitime so we could arrive more or less when we wanted to.
Could is not used when referring to a particular situation in the past. Only be allowed to is possible.
I was allowed to stay up late last night.
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