Apuntes de inglés/English notes

Blog destinado a recopilar el máximo de apuntes de inglés e intentar ordenarlos de la manera más útil posible...

Blog destined to compile as much English notes and trying to order by the most useful way possible...

By Raül Montejano Gutiérrez; Twitter @raulmontejanogu
Mostrando entradas con la etiqueta Adverbs of frequency. Mostrar todas las entradas
Mostrando entradas con la etiqueta Adverbs of frequency. Mostrar todas las entradas

domingo, 5 de agosto de 2012

Adverbs of frequency

You use adverbs of frequency to say how often you do something. The most common ones are:
never, seldom, rarely, occasionally, sometimes, frequently, often, usually, normally, always.

Adverbs of frequency usually appear between the subject and the verb.
We usually eat out on Friday evenings.

With the verb be the adverb of frequency appears after the verb.
I am sometimes late for my classes.

Occasionally, sometimes, frequently often, usually and normally can also appear at the beginning or end of sentences. When they appear at the beginning of a sentence we want to emphasise the frequency:
Occasionally she works until seven o'clock in the evening.

Never, seldom, rarely and always are not normally used at the beginning or end of sentences.

viernes, 13 de abril de 2012

Habitual behaviour in the present

The present simple is used for habitual actions or permanent situations in the present:
I go for a run twice a week.

Frequency adverbs are used to indicate how often an action occurs. They are usually placed:
Before the main verb. I never go to bed before midnight.
After the verb to be or an auxilary verb. She is very often early for work. They have rarely been seen together.
Usually, normally, frequently, sometimes, very/quite often and occasionally can also placed at the beginning of the sentence or clause. Occasionally we go out to the cinema. Note: always, rarely seldom, hardly ever and never cannot be used in the same way.

Variations:
The present continuous + always is used to talk about things which occur frequently and which the speaker finds annoying (fastidioso). He's always complaining about something!
Adjectives can be used as an alternative to rarely, normally and (not) usually. It's rare/normal/(un)usual for him to eat meat.
Tend to + infinitive is used to make general statements about the habitual actions and situations of groups of people or individuals. English people tend to drink tea rather than coffee.
Will + infinitive is used to talk about habitual behaviour. Frequency adverbs can also be added. She'll sometimes spend the whole day reading.
Keep (on) + gerund is used to talk about repeated actions, often annoying ones. Peter keeps on hitting me.

lunes, 20 de febrero de 2012

Usually and Use to

Present habits and states.
I usually get up at 8.00 on school days.
Past habits and states.
I used to go out with that girl when I was at school.

For present habits use usually or normally + present simple.
For past habits use used to / didn't use to + infinitive. Used to doesn't exist in the present tense.
We use used to for things that were true over a period of time in the past. It usually refers to something which is not true now.
Used to / didn't use to can be used with actions verbs (wear, go, ...) and non-action verbs (be, have, ...)
We often use not ... any more / any longer with the present simple to contrast with used to. I used to go to the gym but I don't any more/any longer.

lunes, 9 de enero de 2012

Writing Skills

Word order:
-Word order is very important in English. The usual order ir: Subject + Verb + Object + Additions
-If a sentence has both a direct and an indirect object, there are often two possibilities:
I gave you the box./I gave the box to you.
-Many time expressions can come at the beginning or the end of the sentence.
-Never separate the verb from its object(s): We don't have today any homework.
-Adverbs of manner can come in several positions, but not between the verb and the object.
-Adverbs of frequency come before the main verb. Some can come at the beginning and/or the end of a sentence as well.

Subject-Verb agreement:
-The verb is singular or plural, depending on the subject.
-Singular nouns that refer to groups can have either singular or plural verbs.
-Amounts and quantities usually have singular verbs.
-Words like anyone, everybody,nobody have singular verbs.
-Most uncountable nouns have got singular verbs.
-Some uncountable nouns have got plural verbs.

Use of adjectives:
-Adjectives come before nouns and after certain verbs.
-The adjective form for singular and plural nouns is the same.
-Adjectives foloww a specific order: opinion + size or age + colour + origin + material.

Connectors:
-Connectors are linking words which join ideas and show how those ideas are related to one another.
-They also help us to organise our writing and make it easy for the reader to follow.

- To add points on the same topic: and, in addition, furthermore, moreover, what's more, besides, also, too, as well as, ...
- To express a contrast: but, however, nevertheless, yet, still, although, even if, even though, in spite of, despite, ...
- To describe a cause or reason: because (of), since, due to, as, as a result of, one, another reason for...is..., ...
- To describe a result: so, therefore, consequently, thus, as a result, as a consequence, for this reason, that is why, ...
- To show purpose: in order to, so as to, so that, to, ...
- To describe similarity: similary, likewise, in the same way, ....
- To express personal opinions: in my opinion, I (strongly) believe (that), I think, feel (that), in my view, it seems to me (that), personally, as I see it, ...
- To introduce facts: in fact, as a matter of fact, actually, the truth is (that), ...
- To make general statements: in general, generally, as a rule, on the whole, ...
- To list points: to begin/start with, in the first place, first of all, for one thing, firstly, secondly, thirdly, finally, lastly, ...
- To give examples: for example, for instance, such as, like, particulary, in particular, especially, (more) specifically, ...
- To introduce opposing points: on the one hand, on the other hand, in contrast, contrary to, it can also be argued that, but there are people who say/think (that), ...
- To show sequence: first, at first, in the beginning, before, next, then, soon, meanwhile, later, after that, afterwards, at last, eventually, finally, in the end, during, when, ...
- To show time: when, while, before, after, until, as soon as, by the time, ...
- To conclude: in conclusion, to sum up, in short, all in all, ...

lunes, 21 de noviembre de 2011

Present Perfect + ever, never, yet, just, already

Ever, never:

We often use the present perfect with ever ( it means in your life until now) and never.

Have you even been to Barcelona? / No, I've never been there.


Yet:

Use yet + Present perfect in Negative and Questions sentences to ask if something that you think is going to happen has happened ot to say it hasn't happened. Put yet at the end of the sentence.

Have you finished your work yet? / No, not yet. I haven't finished yet.


Just:

Use just in Positive sentences to say that something happened very recently. Put just before the main verb.

Would you like a coffe? / No thanks. I've just had one.


Already:

Use already in Positive sentences to say that something happened before now or earlier than expected. Put already before the main verb.

Do you want to see this film? / No, I've already seen this four times.

jueves, 10 de noviembre de 2011

Adverbs & Expressions of frequency

ADVERBS OF FREQUENCY:

Always (siempre), often (a menudo), sometimes (a veces), usually (usualmente), hardly ever (casi nunca), never (nunca), ...

Adverbs of frequency go BEFORE the main verb.
Adverbs of frequency go AFTER be.
He always travels by by bus./He's never on time.

EXPRESSIONS OF FREQUENCY:

Every day (todos los días), once a week (una vez a la semana), ...

Expressions of frequency go at the END of a SENTENCE.
I have classes twice a week.