Modifying comparisons

You can compare things in several ways:

- You can compare two things which are different using the comparative forms of adjectives.
Although my house is smaller than Anna's house, it's more beautiful.

One syllable - double the consonant and add -er. 
big-bigger than
Two syllables ending in Y - change Y to I and add -er.
angry-angrier than
Two or more syllables (not ending in Y) - Use MORE.
famous-more famous than

- You can compare two things which are similar (or not) using as...as
The kitchen is as large as the lounge.
With big difference: nowhere near / not nearly + as+adj.+as
With small difference: not quite / nearly + as+adj.+as
I'm not nearly as good at tennis as my brother.

- You can use some structure to emphasise a strong or weak comparison.
Big difference: much/far - Small difference: a bit     +    COMPARATIVE
The kitchen is much bigger than the lounge.

- You can compare one thing which is different from the others in a group using the superlative form of adjectives.
This is the cheapest flat but it isn't in the best location.


One syllable - double the consonant and add -est. 
big-the biggest
Two syllables ending in Y - change Y to I and add -est.
angry-the angriest
Two or more syllables (not ending in Y) - Use MORE.
famous-the most famous


- You can use some structure to emphasise a strong difference using superlatives.
Big difference: by far     +    SUPERLATIVE
The kitchen is by far the biggest room in this house.


!!!!!!!IRREGULARS
good-better-the best
bad-worse-the worst
far-further-the furthset
well-better-the best
badly-worse-the worst
little-less-the least

Comparatives and Superlatives

FORMS

Regular one-syllable adjectives:
- add -er and -est to the adjective: cheap(Adjective)-cheaper(Comparative)-the cheapest(Superlative)
- add -r and -st to adjectives ending in -e: late(Adjective)-later(Comparative)-the latest(Superlative)
- double the consonant of adjectives ending in a short vowel and a consonant, and add -er and -est: thin(Adjective)-thinner(Comparative)-the thinnest(Superlative)

Regular adjectives with more than one syllable:
- use more and most in front of the adjective: sincere(Adjective)-more sincere(Comparative)-the most sincere(Superlative)
- change -y to -i and add -er and -est to adjectives ending in -y after a consonant: happy(Adjective)-happier(Comparative)-the happiest(Superlative)
- a limited number of two-syllable adjectives can form the comparative and superlative in two ways:  stupid(Adjective)-stupider/more stupid(Comparative)-the stupidest/the most stupidest(Superlative) 
- most adverbs form their comparative and superlative with more and most: quietly(Adverb)-more quietly(Comparative)-the most quietly(Superlative)

Irregular forms:
- adjectives: good/better/the best - bad/worse/the worst - far/further/the further - old/older/the oldest
- adverbs: well/better/the best - badly/worse/the worst - little/less/the least - much/more/the most
- determiners: little/less/the least - few/fewer/the fewest - much/more/the most


USE

To talk about people or things that are different in some way we use:
- Comparative forms of adjectives/adverbs + than: I think listening is more difficult than reading.
- Superlative forms of adjectives/adverbs: That's the nicest thing you've said to me all day.
- Less...than and the least: That's my least favourite track on the album.

As .. as
For people or things that are the same in some way we use as + adjective/adverb + as: She's as intelligent as her brother.
So can replace the first as in negative sentences: It's not so difficult as I thought it would be.
The same + noun + as: My mum's the same age as my dad.

The + comparative, the + comparative:
We use this structure for things which occur together: The more money I have, the faster I spend it.

Comparatives and superlatives

Comparing two things (or actions)
Regular comparatives adjectives/adverbs:
hard/harder, big/bigger, easy/easier, modern/more modern,
Irregular comparative adjectives/adverbs:
good-well/better, bad-badly/worse, far/furhter
After than or as we can use an object pronoun me, him, her, etc. or a subject pronoun (I, he, she) + auxiliary verb: She's taller than me or She's taller than I am.

Superlatives
Form superlatives like comparatives but use -est or most/least(lo más mínimo).
You normally use the before superlative, but you can also use possessive adjectives: Their most famous song.

Comparative adjectives/adverbs

Comparative adjectives
Adjective	Comparative	Adds & changes
short	shorter	one syllable: +er
big	bigger	one vowel + one consonant: double final consonant
busy	busier	consonant +y: y +ier
relaxed	more relaxed	two or more syllables: more + adjective
good bad far	better worse further	Irregular

Comparative adverbs
Adverb	Comparative	Adverb	Comparative
Regular		Irregular
quickly	more quickly	hard	harder
slowly	more slowly	well	better
		badly	worse

Use comparative adjectives to compare people and things. My brother's shorter than me.
Use comparative adverbs to compare actions. He runs more slowly than me.
You can also use (not) as + (adjective/adverb) + as. I'm not as shorter as my brother.